
<YouTube youTubeId="cw1wlHV4hGk" />

Tools like Eleventy, Hugo, Gatsby, Svelte, and others have given developers a superpower for quickly developing content-driven, easily manageable web properties. It's an exciting frontier for developers who are also content creators, but for non-technical creators, our favorite toolchains can feel like a labyrinth of indecipherable choices.

In this talk, we'll discuss our role in promoting the creator economy. We'll talk about the opportunity we have as developers in helping to democratize content creation for everyone, and the importance of creating a more robust, archival internet.

[Check out the slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1XFJ_nQfPnX0oPOUezOEwVKLZFtptTKemtGg41RJPisQ)


JAM Stack, SSGs, and their role in empowering the creator economy


<Image
  publicId="external-references/fullstack-dev-article-aquent/cover"
  alt="Article screenshot: What the Heck is a Fullstack Developer? Aquent UK blog"
/>

An interview with my former employer (and parent company of [Gymnasium](https://www.thegymnasium.com/)), [Aquent](https://aquent.com) about my thoughts on what it means to be a Fullstack Developer.

Description from the article:

<Aside>
  To shed light onto what is for many a mysterious role—Full Stack Developer—we
  talked to our own Star of the Full Stack, Mike Bifulco. Currently the Director
  of Technology for Aquent Gymnasium, he was previously a User Experience Lead
  and Program Manager at Microsoft.
</Aside>

Full article is available to read on [Aquent UK's blog](https://aquent.co.uk/blog/what-the-heck-is-a-full-stack-developer).


What the Heck is a Fullstack Developer? Aquent UK

## What does .filter(Boolean) do on Arrays?

This is a pattern I've been coming across quite a bit lately in JavaScript code, and can be extremely helpful once you understand what's going on. In short, it's a bit of [functional programming](https://mikebifulco.com/tags/functional-programming) which is used to remove `null` and `undefined` values from an array.

```js
const values = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 5, 6, 7, undefined];

console.log(values.length);
// Output: 9

console.log(values.filter(Boolean).length);
// Output: 7

// note that this does not mutate the value original array
console.log(values.length);
// Output: 9
```

## How does the Boolean part of .filter(Boolean) work?

We're using a function built into arrays in JavaScript, called [Array.prototype.filter](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/filter), which _creates a new array_ containing all elements that pass the check within the function it takes as an argument. In this case, we're using the JavaScript `Boolean` object wrapper's constructor as that testing function.

`Boolean` is a helper class in JavaScript which can be used to test whether a given value or expression evaluates to `true` or `false`. There's a subtle, but **really important point** here - `Boolean()` follows the JavaScript rules of _truthiness_. That means that the output `Boolean()` might not always be what you imagine.

In this context, passing `Boolean` to `.filter` is effectively shorthand for doing this:

```js
array.filter((item) => {
  return Boolean(item);
});
```

which is also approximately the same as

```js
array.filter((item) => {
  return !!item; // evaluate whether item is truthy
});
```

or, simplified


```js
array.filter(item => !!item)
```


I suspect that you may have seen at least one of these variations before. In the end, `array.filter(Boolean)` is just shorthand for any of the other options above. It's the kind of thing that can cause even seasoned programmers to recoil in horror the first time they see it. Near as I can tell, though, it's a perfectly fine replacement.

### Examples of Boolean evaluating for _truthiness_


```js
// straightforward boolean
Boolean(true)   // true
Boolean(false)  // false

// null/undefined
Boolean(null)       // false
Boolean(undefined) // false

// hmm...
Boolean(NaN)  // false
Boolean(0)    // false
Boolean(-0)   // false
Boolean(-1)   // true

// empty strings vs blank strings
Boolean("")   // false
Boolean(" ")  // true

// empty objects
Boolean([]) // true
Boolean({}) // true

// Date is just an object
Boolean(new Date()) // true

// oh god
Boolean("false")                     // true
Boolean("Or any string, really")     // true
Boolean('The blog of Mike Bifulco')  // true
````



## Warning: Be careful with the truth(y)

So - `someArray.filter(Boolean)` is really helpful for removing `null` and `undefined` values, but it's important to bear in mind that there are quite a few confusing cases above... this trick will remove items with a value of `0` from your array! That can be a significant difference for interfaces where displaying a `0` is perfectly fine.

**EDIT: ** Hi, Mike from The Future™️ here - I've edited the next paragraph to reflect the _actual_ truth... I had confused `-1` with `false` from my days as a BASIC programmer, where we'd sometimes create infinite loops with `while (-1)`... but even that means "while `true`"!

I also want to call some attention to cases that evaluate to `-1`. <s>for _many_ programmers, `-1` is synonymous with `false`, because that is _absolutely_ the case in many langauges... but not here.</s> The `-1` case can also be unintuitive if you're not expecting it, but true to form, in JavaScript, `-1` is a truthy value!

## Array.filter(Boolean) For React Developers

I tend to come across this pattern being used fairly often for iterating over collections in React, to clean up an input array which may have had results removed from it upstream for some reason. This protects you from scary errors like `Can't read property foo of undefined` or `Can't read property bar of null`:

```jsx

const people = [
  {
    name: 'Mike Bifulco',
    email: 'hello@mikebifulco.com',
  },
  null,
  null,
  null,
  {
    name: "Jimi Hendrix",
    email: 'jimi@heyjimihimi@guitarsolo',
  }
]

// display a list of people
const PeopleList = ({people}) => {
  return (
    <ul>
      {people.map(person) => {
        // this will crash if there's a null/undefined in the list!
        return (
          <li>{person.name}: {person.email}</li>
        );
      }}
    </ul>
  );
}

// a safer implementation
const SaferPeopleList = ({people}) => {
  return (
    <ul>
      {people
        .filter(Boolean) // this _one weird trick!_
        .map(person) => {
          return (
            <li>{person.name}: {person.email}</li>
          );
        }
      }
    </ul>
  );
}
```

## Functional Programming reminder

Like I mentioned above, this is a handy bit of functional programming -- as is the case with nearly all clever bits of functional programming, it's important to remember that we're not _mutating_ any arrays here - we are creating new ones. Let's show what that means in a quick example:

```js
const myPets = [
  'Leo',
  'Hamilton',
  null,
  'Jet',
  'Pepper',
  'Otis',
  undefined,
  'Iona',
];

console.log(myPets.length); // 8

myPets
  .filter(Boolean) // filter null and undefined
  .forEach((pet) => {
    console.log(pet); // prints all pet names once, no null or undefined present
  });

console.log(myPets.length); // still 8! filter _does not mutate the original array_
```

## Wrapping up

Hopefully this has helped to demystify this little code pattern a bit. What do you think? Is this something you'll use in your projects? Are there dangers/tricks/cases I didn't consider here?

Tell me all about it on twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/irreverentmike">@irreverentmike</a>. Thanks for reading!

_note: Cover photo for this article is from <a href="https://unsplash.com/@pawel_czerwinski?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Pawel Czerwinski</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/array?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>_

JavaScript Tips: Using Array.filter(Boolean)


If you're a user of Visual Studio Code, you may find that over time it feels like new IDE windows are slow to load. In my experience, loading an environment from a cold start (firing up VS Code when it isn't running at all), or opening a window for a new project (`File >> New Window`) when Code is already running tend to take about the same amount of time.

This is notably different from opening a new tab within the IDE - again, in my experience, once Code is up and running, new tabs take almost no time to fire up.

## Why is it slow?

In its most basic form VS Code is fairly performant - a fresh install of the IDE opens very quickly. Over time, if you're anything like me, you've probably installed any number of community-built [extensions from the VS Code Marketplace](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/VSCode)

## The Solution

Well, the good news is that this one is exactly as easy as it sounds - you can gain quite a bit of startup performance by **removing unused and unnecessary extensions from VS Code**, by opening your Extensions pane (`Shift + command + X` on a mac, likely `control + shift + X` on Windows/Linux), and typing `@installed` into the search bar at the top of the list to see which extensions are currently installed. In my case, it looks like this:

<Image
  publicId="posts/make-vs-code-load-faster-by-removing-extensions/vscode-extensions-pane"
  alt="VS Code Extensions pane highlighted in red"
  caption="My installed extensions pane, highlighted in red"
/>

Extensions with particularly long load times will have their "Activation Time" highlighted in this list. It's currently shown in the upper-right corner of the extension list item with a load time in milliseconds listed next to it:

<Image
  publicId="posts/make-vs-code-load-faster-by-removing-extensions/extension-load-time"
  alt="VS Code Extensions pane highlighted in red"
  caption="My installed extensions pane, highlighted in red"
/>

## How to remove extensions with long activation times from Visual Studio Code

1. Scan through your list of installed extensions, and remove any you don't use
2. If there are remaining extensions which have high activation times listed, consider whether there's better options available (and install those!)
3. If there aren't better options available, you'll either need to live with the load time for a given extension, or choose to bid it farewell. Worth noting here: these extensions are (generally) open-source, so you may want to visit the repo for that extension and [search for "activation time"](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-vscode/issues?q=activation+time) to see if anyone else is running into the same problem. If not, you might want to open an issue and let the maintainers of that extension know you're having trouble, or open a PR if you have a solution to offer up.

...and that should do ya! If you're still running into performance issues after this, it could be any number of things. Are you running out of disk space on your computer? Maybe you're running out of available RAM? Are you running other applications that slow your machine down?

Additionally, if you're a JavaScript or Node app developer, you may want to check out my article on [Reclaiming Disk Space from `node_modules`](https://mikebifulco.com/posts/reclaimed-10gb-of-disk-space-from-node-modules).

I hope this helps! Feel free to share it with a friend if you found it useful.

This post was inspired by a tweet I let fly recently after playing with load times in [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/):

<Tweet
  tweetLink="https://twitter.com/irreverentmike/status/1454054616027574283"
  align="center"
/>

_note: Cover photo for this article is from by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@loic?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Djim Loic</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/time?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>._


How to make VS Code load faster with a little bit of housekeeping


**Update (2021)** Dependabot has been Acquired by GitHub, and many of the links from this post stopped working once they took down the original site (dependabot dot com). I've updated URLs here to point to more relevant links within GitHub's docs.

[Dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) is an automation service that will automatically create PRs to keep your projects' dependencies up to date, and it is fucking wonderful.

<Image
  publicId="posts/i-have-to-tell-you-about-dependabot/dependabot-settings"
  alt="Screenshot of the settings interface for a project on the former Dependabot.com"
  caption="Setup for Dependabot is flexible, quick, and straightforward."
/>

In just a few, sweet, wonderful minutes, you can install and configure it to automatically keep an eye on your project dependencies, and set a daily or weekly schedule to submit updates and changes. Automation at its finest - dependabot is like having a super mindful teammate who keeps an eye on npm (or pip or rubygems or one of [many other languages](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/supply-chain-security/keeping-your-dependencies-updated-automatically/about-dependabot-version-updates#supported-repositories-and-ecosystems)) - you'll automatically get great, well-formed PRs for each dependency version bump, which you can test locally, or have sent up to your CI toolchain of choice.

After you run through the setup process, dependabot will monitor your repo and submit PRs to update individual dependencies on a daily or weekly rhythm (your choice!). If the PR contains an important security update, it will be assigned a label of Security, too.

<Image
  publicId="posts/i-have-to-tell-you-about-dependabot/dependabot-pr"
  alt="An example PR from dependabot"
  caption="Automatically created PRs are simple and to the point."
/>

Honestly, for me, it's like adding a member to my team. I love automation, and I love making my life simpler. Until now, for all of my projects, myself or another teammate would regularly run through all the dependencies in a given repo, and manually update them one at a time, testing and pushing them to GitHub to be run through CI and then eventually merged by the team. The honest truth is that this process can take quite a while, and can be forgotten, and isn't mindful of important security updates at all. That's all over now.

<Image
  publicId="posts/i-have-to-tell-you-about-dependabot/merge"
  alt="An example PR from dependabot"
  caption="Dependabot will merge this PR once CI is done, thanks to the @dependabot merge command"
/>

## What else?

There are a _ton_ of other features available to you the moment you install dependabot. It responds to a wide variety of commands by way of GitHub comment. In the screenshot above, I've approved a PR and asked dependabot to merge it as soon as CI has passed. Now I don't have to babysit the repo in order to merge updates! Sweet!

If your repo contains multiple languages, Dependabot can handle that. If you've got a complex monorepo with multiple files representing your dependencies (for example, a node project set up with Lerna), dependabot can monitor each dependency file individually, with different rules for each.

<Image
  publicId="posts/i-have-to-tell-you-about-dependabot/github"
  alt="Dependabot's announcement that they were acquired by GitHub"
  caption="Dependabot was acquired by GitHub"
/>

This was the final kicker for me. Dependabot was [just acquired by GitHub](https://github.blog/2019-07-25-one-million-dependabot-pull-requests-merged/), and is now available completely free for use. That's incredible! There's no reason for you not to give it a shot. Go check it out now, post haste!

Go install [Dependabot](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/supply-chain-security/keeping-your-dependencies-updated-automatically/about-dependabot-version-updates)!

_Note: the cover photo for this article comes from one of my favorite photographers, [Alex Knight](https://unsplash.com/@agkdesign?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText), and was made available un [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/search/photos/robot?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText). Thank you Alex for your work! Go support him on [Patreon](https://patreon.com/agk42), and give him a follow on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/agkdesign)._


I have to tell you about Dependabot 🤖



This is a follow-up to my [first post](https://mikebifulco.com/solve-all-your-problems-with-promise-allsettled) on the upcoming `Promise.allSettled()` function, coming soon to a node application near you. 

Earlier today I was greeted by a [Pull Request](https://github.com/mbifulco/blog/pull/14) on my first post from GitHub user `@j-f1`.  

  
<Image
  publicId="posts/promise-all-settled-pt-2-its-partly-settled/pr"
  alt="Screenshot of a github pull request on my last blog post"
  caption="PR on my last post, showing how to use Promise.allSettled() now!"
/>

It turns out there _is_ a handy way to add `Promise.allSettled()` to your apps _right now!_ 🎉.  It's fiendishly simple to use, too.

## **The core-js npm package**

That's right - [core-js](https://github.com/zloirock/core-js).  From their `README.md`, it is exactly what it sounds like:

<Aside>

  It is a polyfill of the JavaScript standard library, which supports:  
  - The latest ECMAScript standard.  
  - ECMAScript standard library proposals.  
  - Some WHATWG / W3C standards (cross-platform or closely related ECMAScript).  

  It is maximally modular: you can easily choose to load only the features you will be using.  
  It can be used without polluting the global namespace.  
  It is [tightly integrated with `babel`: this allows many optimizations of `core-js` import.](https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/blob/master/docs/2019-03-19-core-js-3-babel-and-a-look-into-the-future.md#Babel)

</Aside>

[Looking further down in the readme](https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/blob/master/docs/2019-03-19-core-js-3-babel-and-a-look-into-the-future.md#Babel), there's a list of supported features in the polyfill:

<Aside>

  [Promise.allSettled](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-allSettled) stage 2 proposal

</Aside>

Well hot damn! That'll do it! 

## **How to use core-js**

As `@j-f1` indicated, in any project that uses `babel` as a transpiler, all you need to do is add core-js to your project, and include it at your app's entry point:

First, add the dependency to your project

```bash
    > yarn add core-js
```

Then, at your app's entry point (usually something like `index.js`, or `app.js` in the root of your project):

```js
  import 'core-js';
```

or, if you want to include _just_ the `Promise.allSettled()` polyfill, and nothing else, use:

```js
  import 'core-js/proposals/promise-all-settled';
```

That's it! 🍻

Promise.allSettled() Pt.2 - it's partly settled!


Note: this is a follow-up to my [first post](https://mike.biful.co/deconfusing-javascript-destructuring-syntax) on destructuring.  Import syntax uses destructuring pretty liberally, and it can be really confusing for folks who are new to using it. Give my other article a read first if this all seems confusing!

Let's talk about importing dependencies into your node projects.  As your work gets more complex, you will inevitably come across syntax like this:

```js
  import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
  import { Link } from 'gatsby';
  import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
  import moment from 'moment';
  ​
  import { Layout } from '../components';
```

At first glance, it's pretty straightforward.  We're importing a handful of bits to use in a React component.  As you might imagine, though, I've selected these four lines of code because each one is unique.  In fact, during my journey as a blossoming Node/React developer, I've found ways to mess up _every single one_ of these.  

You're gonna mess this stuff up, too, and that's perfectly fine! For now, I'm here to help.

We're going to look through each one of these, in order of complexity, and I'll do my best to explain what the hell is going on, and the way I think about imports as I work.

## **Straightforward import syntax - the easiest case**

```js
  import moment from 'moment';
```

If you've worked in .Net languages, or Python, or Ruby, or one of many other languages under the sun, this should be second nature to you.  I'm calling it out here specifically because some of us may never have seen it before.

### **What's going on here?**

Well, it turns out it's pretty easy.  [moment](https://www.npmjs.com/package/moment) is a JavaScript library, which has been included in our node project's `package.json` file's `dependencies` or `devDependencies`.  If you're new to node and are unfamilar with `package.json`, read more about it [here](https://nodesource.com/blog/the-basics-of-package-json-in-node-js-and-npm/).

This line of code creates a reference to everything made available in the `moment` library, and puts it into what is effectively a variable that we can use to access it.  the `'moment'` bit (in quotes) is what tells the compiler which library to get.  The other one, `moment` (_not_ in quotes) is the variable.  So from here in, we can access moment just like any other variable in this file:

```js
  import moment from 'moment';
  console.log(
    moment().get('year')
  );
  // 2019
```

### **The un-obvious bit**

Behind the scenes, this is just taking everything that is made available by the `moment` library through `export default` [in its main file](https://github.com/moment/moment/blob/develop/src/moment.js#L95) , and stuffing it into a variable - and that variable can have _any valid name_ we want!  

It may be confusing, but you absolutely could do this, if the this name made more sense to you:

```js
  import ThatReallyUsefulDateLibrary from 'moment';
  console.log(
    ThatReallyUsefulDateLibrary().get('year')
  );
  // 2019
```

## **Importing a component from somewhere within a library** 

Next up - this slightly more complex beast:

```js
  import Button from '@material-ui/core/Button';
```

Here we're grabbing the `<Button />` component from the [@material-ui library](https://material-ui.com). Again, this is fairly straightforward - but it may be helpful to think of this in terms of the structure of the material-ui project.  Material-ui exports _loads_ of great stuff, and it's all organized into logical groupings.  Think of it a bit like this:

```js
  // material-ui exports
  const muiExports = {
    core: {
      Button: () => {}, // some component
      TextField: () => {} // another useful component
      // and loads more
    }
  }
```

With the import syntax for `Button` above, we're telling the compiler to give us a reference to the exported thing called `Button`, which is found in the `@material-ui` library under `/core/Button`.  The compiler essentially treats this like the JSON object in the snippet above.

Here's the thing - that _also_ means we can destructure it! 😁. This syntax would also work to import `Button`:

```js
  import { Button } from '@material-ui/core';
```

That also means we can import _multiple things_ from `/core` in a single line!

```js
  import { Button, TextField} from '@material-ui/core';
```

Cool, huh? I know this can be confusing, but try to stick with it.  It'll all start to make sense to you before long.  This brings us to our next example:

### **Importing a subset of a library by way of destructuring**

```js
  import { Link } from 'gatsby';
```

Boom! This should be easy by now.  One of the things that `Gatsby` makes available is their [`link`](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/gatsby-link/) component.  We're importing _just that component_ to use here.

### **Renaming an import**

But what if we already have a component called `Link` in our project? Or, what if we're making a Legend of Zelda fan-site, and `Link` is already defined in a component or variable that we can't rename?  Well, it turns out renaming something in an import is as easy as renaming something in a destructured statement.   We can rename the same component from `gatsby` like this:

```js
  import { Link as GatsbyWebLink } from 'gatsby';
```

We can also rename _one or many destructured imports_ in a single statement:

```js
  import { 
    Link as GatsbyWebLink,
    graphql as graphqlQuery,
    useStaticQuery
  } from 'gatsby';
```

Piece of cake! 🍰

## **Relative imports**


One more quick thing - the compiler knows to look for something _you_ exported if you use a _relative path_ in your import location string:

```js
  import { Layout } from '../components';
```

Just like anywhere else, you can combine and rename things to your heart's content here:

```js
  import {
    Layout,
    Button as SuperButton
  } from '../components';
```

## **Putting it all together**


The best isn't alway last, but this is certainly the last example I've got to share today:

```js
  import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
```

If you've been playing along at home, this should all be familiar now - we're grabbing the default export from `react`, which we've put into the variable `react`.  We also destructured `useState` and `useEffect` from _the same library_.  If you're asking yourself "Well couldn't we also access `useState` as a child of `React`"? The answer is - well, actually, yeah!

This is perfectly valid

```js
  const [loading, setLoading] = React.useState(false);
```

… but it's not as nice to type or to read as 

```js
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
```

They're both equally functional from an execution standpoint, but the latter is used by convention.

## **I think that's it.**

I think.  It turns out this was a really tricky post to write - there's a billion ways to import a file, and there's probably loads of cases I've missed here.  There are _definitely_ also performance and bundle size implications for some of the varieties of import syntaxes shown here.  While they're absolutely real constraints, and have real implications on your app's performance, I left that discussion for another day - purely for the sake of simplicity.

There's also the not-so-small matter that using [import](https://caniuse.com/#feat=imports) requires a transpiler like Babel or Webpack right now.  That's another super-complex universe that I'm not sure i'm equipped to explain in a single blog post.  This also means I've skipped showing how any of the above syntax works with `require()`.  There's frankly an exhausting amount to explain here - future improvements to EcmaScript and node will make it all better.

## **Say hi!**

As always, if I've gotten anything wrong here, I'd love to know about it! Drop me a line [@irreverentmike](https://twitter.com/irreverentmike).  I'd love to hear from you. 👋

Picking apart JavaScript import syntax


(Note: This post was inspired by a talk from [Wes Bos](https://twitter.com/wesbos) at JAMstack_conf_nyc. Thanks for the tip, Wes!)

Of late, I've found myself building JavaScript web applications with increasing complexity. If you're familiar with modern JavaScript, you've undoubtedly come across [`Promise`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) - a construct which helps you execute code asynchronously. A `Promise`  is just what it sounds like: you use them to execute code which will (promise to) return a value at some point in the future:

Check out this somewhat-contrived example, wherein we asynchronously load comments on a blog post:

```js
  const loadComments = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    // run an asynchronous API call
    BlogEngine.loadCommentsForPost({ id: '12345' })
      .then(comments => {
    // Everything worked! Return this promise with the comments we got back.
    resolve(comments)
      })
      .error(err => {
    // something went wrong - send the error back
    reject(new Error(err))
      })
  })
```

There's also an alternative syntax pattern, `async` / `await`, which lets you write promises in a more legible, pseudo-serial form:

```js
  const loadComments = async () => {
    try {
      const comments = await BlogEngine.loadCommentsForPost({ id: '12345' })
      return comments
    } catch (err) {
      return new Error(err)
    }
  }
```

## Dealing with multiple promises

Inevitably, you'll find yourself in situations where you need to execute multiple promises. Let's start off simply:
```js
  const postIds = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'];
  postIds.each((id) => {
    // load the comments for this post
    const comments = await loadComments(id);

    // then do something with them, like spit them out to the console, for example
    console.log(`Returned ${comments.length} comments, bru`);
  })
```

Easy! A quick loop gets us comments for every post we're interested in. There's a catch here, though - the `await`  keyword will stop execution of the loop until `loadComments`  returns for each post. This means we're loading comments for each post _sequentially_, and not taking advantage of the browser's ability to send off multiple API requests at a time.

The easiest way to send off multiple requests at once is wit `Promise.all()`. It's a function which takes an _array of_ `_Promise_`_s_, and returns an array with the responses from each promise:

```js
  const postIds = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'];
  const promises = postIds.map(async (id) => {
    return await loadComments(id);
  };

  const postComments = Promise.all(promises);

  // postComments will be an Array of results fromj the promises we created:
  console.log(JSON.postComments);
  /*
  [
    { post1Comments },
    { post2Comments },
    etc...
  ]
```

There is **one important catch (lol)** with `Promise.all()`. If _any_ of the promises sent to `Promise.all()` fails or `reject`s,  *everything*  fails. From the \[MDN Web Docs\](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global\_Objects/Promise/all) (emphasis mine):

> The `Promise.all()`  method returns a single `Promise`  that resolves when all of the promises passed as an iterable have resolved or when the iterable contains no promises. **\*\*It rejects with the reason of the first promise that rejects.\*\***

Well damn, it turns out that `Promise.all()`  is fairly conservative in its execution strategy. If you're unaware of this, it can be pretty dangerous. In the example above, it's not great if loading comments for _one post_ causes the comments for _every post_ not to load, right? Damn.

## **Enter** `**Promise.allSettled()**` 

Until fairly recently, there wasn't a spectacular answer for scenarios like this. \_\_However\_\_, we will soon have widespread access to [`Promise.allSettled()`](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-allSettled), which is currently a Stage 3 proposal in front of the ECMAscript Technical Committee 39, the body in charge of approving and ratifying changes to ECMAscript (aka "JavaScript", for the un-initiated).

You see, `Promise.allSettled()`  does exactly what we'd like in the example above loading blog comments. Rather than failing if _any_ of the proments handed to it fail, it waits until they all finish executing (until they all "settle", in other words), and returns an array from each:

(this code sample is cribbed from the github proposal - go give it a look for more detail)

```js
  const promises = [fetch('index.html'), fetch('https://does-not-exist/')]
  const results = await Promise.allSettled(promises)
  const successfulPromises = results.filter(p => p.status === 'fulfilled')
```

## **Using** `**Promise.All()**` ** now (updated!)**

**4/26/19 Update:**

Install the [`core-js`](https://github.com/zloirock/core-js) package and include this somewhere in your codebase:

```js
  import 'core-js/proposals/promise-all-settled'
```

**Original post:**

Ok, here's the thing - that's the tricky part. I wrote this post thinking it'd be as easy as telling you to use a `stage-3` preset in the `.babelrc` config on your project. As it turns out, as of v7, Babel has [stopped publishing stage presets](https://babeljs.io/blog/2018/07/27/removing-babels-stage-presets)! If that means anything to you, you ought to read their post.

The answer right now is that it's _not_ yet a great idea to use `Promise.allSettled()`, because it isn't widely supported. To boot, as far as I can tell, there's not a babel config extension which will add support to your projects. At the moment, the best you'll get is a polyfill or an alternative library which implements `allSettled()`.

I know that can be disappointing - be sure that I've got a dozen problems that would be well-served with this new bit of syntax. What I want you to focus on, though, is how amazing it is that JavaScript is continuing to grow. It's exciting and really freaking cool to see that these additions to the language are also being worked on in [public](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-allSettled). Open Source is such a beautiful thing!

If you're really motivated to use `Promise.All()`  in your code, you'd do well to contribute to the process in some way. This may be something as small as writing your own polyfill, or giving feedback to the folks involved with tc39, or one of the alternative libraries to use.

## Footnote

I'll do my best to keep this post up to date. When `allSettled` is released, I'll let y'all know. 👍


Solve* all your problems with Promise.allSettled()


## I really don't like my laptop.

I've been using a 2017 Macbook Pro for the past couple years.  As I'm sure you've heard, it is a fiercely disappointing device largely due to its courageous lack of ports, flawed keyboard design, and astonishing sticker price.  My personal machine is a 13" version, with 16GB of memory, _no_ touchbar, and a 256GB SSD. When I bought it, upgrading to 16GB of memory seemed far more important splurging on processor speed or disk space.  That's probably still true - but I've found myself endlessly frustrated by the tiny capacity of the SSD in my day to day work.

Roughly once every 6 weeks, my machine grinds to a halt as I run out of disk space, so I have to suffer through all the usual suspects for clearing up some room:

*   empty the trash
*   delete unused applications
*   make sure all my photos are moved to my NAS, cloud storage, and offsite archives
*   remove old virtualbox VM images

## A new kind of purge

Last week, however, I came across a surprising new way to free up some disk space: clearing out `node_modules` directories.  

Curiosity hit me, and I searched my mac for folders named `node_modules`. This is what I found:

*   My machine has `7,731` _total_  `node_modules` folders.  Wow!
*   Under `~/src/**`, where I keep all of my dev projects, I had a grand total of 7,719 `node_modules`
*   These folders contain _hundreds of thousands of files_ (which should be no surprise), and took up nearly **10GB** of disk space!

## Turtles all the way down 🐢🐢🐢

That last number was a bit of a revelation to me at first.  If you're unfamiliar, `node_modules` contains a copy of each of the [npm packages](https://npmjs.com) which you add to your project (with `npm install` or `yarn add`, etc) on projects which use node.  Each of them are pinned to a specific version, which is typically specified in `package.json`.  

Somewhat logically, each of the dependencies in your project's `node_modules` directory may also have a `node_modules` directory, containing their dependencies, each pinned to a specific version (again, defined in the `package.json` file of that dependency).  

This is where file and disk space bloat happen - the libraries you add to your project may each contain dozens of dependencies, each of which have dozens more, etc etc, all the way down to super basic node and C libraries which make up the fundamental building blocks of node.

(Mind you - This is oversimplifying things a bit - depending on how you set up `npm` or `yarn` , there is _some_ optimization done here. If one version of a given npm module is required more than once by your dependency tree, it may only appear once.)

## The fix

Actually, this was pretty easy to fix.  I did a search for all of the `node_modules` folders under `~/src/**`, and deleted all of them, right from finder (sorry, terminal apologists).  I then emptied the trash on my mac, and I was 10GB richer.  

<Image
  publicId="posts/reclaimed-10gb-of-disk-space-from-node-modules/disk-space"
  alt="Screenshot of MacOS folder info for a node_modules search"
  caption="10 GB of space, just for node_modules!"
/>

## What did it break?

It's been a week since I've done this. So far the only inkling of a downside is that when I revisit projects I'm actively working on, I need to run `yarn install` to recreate the `node_modules` directory there. I switch between a good handful of projects, and I'm back to a fair few directories, but at least these are just the ones I'm currently using. I'm good with that.

<Image
  publicId="posts/reclaimed-10gb-of-disk-space-from-node-modules/terminal"
  alt="Terminal search for directories called node_modules"
  caption="A week later, I'm back up to 1209 node\_modules directories"
/>

## Can we do better?

There is an alternative to `npm` and `yarn` called [`pnpm`](https://pnpm.js.org/), which claims to be a "Fast, disk space efficient package manager".  Its primary feature looks promising:

<Image
  publicId="posts/reclaimed-10gb-of-disk-space-from-node-modules/pnpm"
  alt="pnpm's value prop - one version of each package saved to disk"
  caption="One version of each module sounds great"
/>

I haven't tried it yet, but will certainly be giving it a shot.

## Epilogue 

I think it's fair to say that this is a problem that the folks at npm and Facebook (who maintain yarn) are also looking closely at. My guess is that some healthy competition will improve this disk space nightmare... hopefully before I'm forced to buy a laptop with 1TB of storage. 🥳


* * *


### More reading

I'm certainly not the first one to write about this.  Some more great reading for you to check out, if you're interested:

*   [The node\_modules problem](https://dev.to/leoat12/the-nodemodules-problem-29dc)
*   [What Happened When I Peeked Into My Node\_Modules Directory](https://medium.com/s/silicon-satire/i-peeked-into-my-node-modules-directory-and-you-wont-believe-what-happened-next-b89f63d21558) (this is the infamous tongue-in-cheek Guy Fieri article)
*   [What’s really wrong with node\_modules and why this is your fault](https://hackernoon.com/whats-really-wrong-with-node-modules-and-why-this-is-your-fault-8ac9fa893823?gi=1ff87c0f83ba)

I reclaimed 10GB of disk space from node_modules


(note: the header photo from this article is from [Dakota Roos](https://unsplash.com/photos/dSRhwPe6v9c?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/search/photos/structure?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText).  Thank you for your work!)

[Destructuring](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment) syntax in es6 (or es2015, etc) JavaScript is a wonderfully useful bit of the language.  It allows you to extract values from an `Object` and assign them to a new variable in one statement.  If you've not come across destructuring before, a fairly basic case looks like this:

    const person = {
      name: 'Mike Bifulco',
      height: 556,
      fears: ['heights', 'fire'],
    };
    const { name } = person;
    console.log(name); // this will print 'Mike Bifulco'

So - what's happening here is pretty simple.  We are creating a `const` called `name`, and filling it with the value found in `person.name` . This is accomplished using the bracket structure to the left of the `=`.  

(If you haven't seen or used this before, it can definitely be confusing.  Don't fault yourself for that - it'll become second-nature before long.)

There's are many other useful things you can do by way of destructuring.  For me, the most common among them are:

## Renaming

If you want to pluck a value from within an object, but also need to rename it (for purposes of code readability, perhaps), you can do so in one line:

    const person = {
      name: 'Mike Bifulco',
      height: 556,
      fears: ['heights', 'fire'],
    };
    
    const { height: currentHeight } = person;
    
    console.log(currentHeight); // 556
    console.log(height); // undefined!

Just like that, we've assigned `person.height` to `currentHeight` in one line.  Sweet!

## Extracting

You can extract one value from an object, and create another variable with everything else, you can do that, too:

    const person = {
      name: 'Mike Bifulco',
      height: 556,
      fears: ['heights', 'fire'],
    };
    
    const { fears, ...fearlessPerson } = person;
    
    console.log(fearlessPerson.fears); // undefined!
    console.log(fears[0]); // heights

This is a combination of destructuring syntax and the spread operator (`...` ). Very handy!

## Hard mode: complex destructuring

So both extracting and renaming things with destructuring are fairly straightforward.  I've been using both of those tricks comfortably for a while now.  In the past few months, I've been poking around with [GatsbyJS](https://gatsbyjs.org) for a few different projects (including my own website).  When I was starting to customize and implement my own Gatsby theme, I started to see some _really_ complex looking destructuring syntax, used to pull nested values from GraphQL queries throughout the site.  

I was really thrown - at first glance, it's not obvious what's going on.  Let's take a look at an example, pulled from a React component used to render a single page in a Gatsby theme:

    const singlePage = ({
      data,
      location,
      pageContext: { nextPagePath, previousPagePath },
    }) => {
      return (
        <p>...react component markup</p>
      );
    };

There's a combination of things happening in the definition of the `singlePage` React component.  Let's look at just that destructure, and simplify it a bit:

    const {
      data,
      location,
      pageContext: {
        nextPagePath,
        previousPagePath,
      },
    } = props;

It took some staring, and some playing around to figure out what was being accomplished here, so let's run through it step by step:

1.  The right side of this `const` is `= props` which tells us that all of these values are being destructured from an object called `props` .
2.  The first two values, `data` and `location` make good sense - they look just like the examples above.  This line will create a `const` from each of those two paths in the `props` object.
3.  `pageContext` is where things get interesting -  this is _another_ destructuring.  Somewhat confusingly, the values that are being pulled from `props` here are `nextPagePath` and `previousPagePath` . There is no variable being created for `pageContext` .

If that description didn't help - I don't blame you.  It really took some practice for me to understand what's going on.  I'm not even sure I would recommend using this syntax - it's not particularly easy to read, especially when tools like `prettier` squish it onto fewer lines.  

With that said, it seems to be the way-to-go when pulling data from GraphQL queries on Gatsby (and likely elsewhere). If you're going to be working in that world, it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with what's going on here. 

## Homework

I think the best way to get used to this syntax is just play around with it yourself.  I've created a JSBin which you can use to experiment a bit.  I'd love to hear how you do with it! [Check it out here](https://jsbin.com/kifizij/2/edit?js,console).

Some challenges for you:

*   Rename the variable `displayName` to `currentUserName` 
*   Extract `editedBy` into its own variable
*   Create an object called `meta` which contains everything in `directions` except for the `contactNumber` 

  

## Wrapping up

I'd love to hear how you fare with this - I found myself writing this post as a matter of self-help.  Often times these things won't be made concrete until I practice in isolation for a while.  What creative uses do you have for destructuring? Did I get anything wrong here? Let's talk about it.


Understanding JavaScript Destructuring Syntax


[Prettier](https://prettier.io/) is "an opinionated code formatter", built to fit into your developer workflow. It's been out in the world for quite a while now, but until today, I had never successfully used it in any project I worked on. In truth, there's a few reasons for this:

1. I was really used to (and really happy with) using [`eslint-config-airbnb`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/eslint-config-airbnb) for all of my projects. Across the board, I'd configured every node/react/js-based project to use the same airbnb config, and had a functional workflow for ensuring code quality at some level through those lint checks.  
1. I was too busy to switch. This is a bit of a bullshit answer, since one of prettier's biggest advertised features is its lightweight setup. That's not to mention the amount of time that prettier _should_ save me once in use. A bad excuse.  
1. **I could never get it to work(!)** So - despite being adept at reading through docs, every single time I started down the path of setting up prettier on a project, I couldn't get it to work. Despite my peers shouting from the rooftops about how deliciously sublime prettier makes the development workflow, it seemed like a permanent impasse.

## So what was the problem, then?

Well, it all came down to a formatting issue. The header image for this article tells the story: every time I installed prettier, when I triggered formatting with Visual Studio Code's `formatOnSave` setting, my React/jsx components would get scrambled. After some squinting, it appears that something was telling my IDE to treat these jsx files as pure Javascript, where `<` means "less than", and shouldn't ever be treated as the start of a component `<tag>`.

## The Fix

In my case, it came down to a conflicting extension for Visual Studio Code. It turns out that the [beautify](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=HookyQR.beautify) plugin takes precedence over Prettier in its default configuration. After some plucking around, I determined that if I _disable_ Beautify in the workspace where I'm using prettier, everything just suddenly... works. 😍

<Image
  publicId="posts/embracing-prettier/disable-beautify"
  alt="VS Code's extension interface showing the Beautify plugin, with an arrow pointing to the option that says 'Disable (workspace)'"
  caption="Disable beautify in your project workspace, and everything gets better"
/>



In my case, that was it! Prettier is now working as advertised.

The jury's still out on whether prettier is life-changing for me, but it's working, at the very least. My next step was to jump into `.prettierrc`, and override _just a few_ settings:

```js
    {
      "trailingComma": "es5",
      "semi": false,
      "singleQuote": true,
      "jsxSingleQuote": false,
      "tabWidth": 2
    }
```

_(note: this is my first time writing JavaScript without semicolons. I'm really breaking the rules now!)_
